AQUINAS, Thomas

AQUINAS, Thomas
(1224/27-1274)
   known by his contemporaries as "Doctor Angelicus" he is the most important philosopher and theologian of the ROMAN CATHOLIC TRADITION. Educated by BENEDICTINES and DOMINICANS he studied in Paris and Cologne. Later he taught in Paris 1252-59, 1269-72; and Italy 1259-69, 1272-74. He was responsible for "baptizing" the PHILOSOPHY of ARISTOTLE which he made the basis of Roman Catholic THEOLOGY and APOLOGETICS. His Aristotelianism was opposed by the FRANCISCANS, but his teachings were made the official doctrine of the Dominican Order. He was canonized in 1323 and made a Doctor of the Church in 1567. Finally, the study of Thomas Aquinas was made part of all theological training in 1366. Made patron of all Roman Catholic universities in 1880. His authority as teacher was reaffirmed in 1923. In his thought the relation of REASON to FAITH is one of subalternation, in which the lower (reason) accepts principles of the higher (faith). He rejected ANSELM of CANTERBURY'S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT preferring the COSMOLOGICAL and TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS for the EXISTENCE of GOD. For Aquinas there is a level of knowledge attainable by REASON alone; another attainable by reason for skilled thinkers and by FAITH for unskilled thinkers; the highest level, however, is attainable only by faith. The system Aquinas developed is called "Thomism," his followers "Thomists."

Concise dictionary of Religion. 2012.

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  • Aquinas, Thomas — (c. 1225 74)    Perhaps the most influential Christian philosopher of all time, Thomas Aquinas was born near Aquino, of which his father was Count, in 1225 or 1227. He entered the Dominican Order and studied under Albert the Great in Cologne and… …   Christian Philosophy

  • Aquinas, Thomas —    Dominican (q.v.) theologian (1224 1274). Among his voluminous works is the Summa theologica, which systematically expounds theology using the philosophical thinking of Aristotle (q.v.). This became the foundation of western scholasticism… …   Historical dictionary of Byzantium

  • Aquinas, Thomas, Saint — ▪ Italian Christian theologian and philosopher Introduction also called  Aquinas,  Italian  San Tommaso d Aquino,  byname  Doctor Angelicus (Latin: Angelic Doctor)  born 1224/25, Roccasecca, near Aquino, Terra di Lavoro, Kingdom of Sicily died… …   Universalium

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  • Thomas Aquinas, Saint — (ca. 1224–1274)    St. Thomas Aquinas is generally considered the most important philosopher in the scholastic tradition that had begun with St. ANSELM more than a century earlier. He was associated most often with the University of Paris, though …   Encyclopedia of medieval literature

  • Thomas Aquinas — Brian Davies OP Thomas Aquinas, son of Landulf d’Aquino and his wife Theodora, was born sometime between 1224 and 1226 in what was then the Kingdom of Naples.1 After a childhood education at the Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino, he studied… …   History of philosophy

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  • Thomas von Aquin — (* um 1225 auf Schloss Roccasecca bei Aquino in Italien; † 7. März 1274 in Fossanova; auch Thomas Aquinas oder der Aquinate; it. Tommaso d Aquino) war Dominikaner und einer der einflussreichsten Philosophen und Theologen der Geschichte. Thomas… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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